The population of the remaining non-captive African lions is considered vulnerable according to the IUCN Red List of endangered species. Because lions are at the top of the food chain and don’t have any natural enemies, the reason for their population decline is mainly humans.

There are currently only two subspecies of the lions. The African lion and the Asiatic lion which is almost extinct. There are only about 500 Asiatic lions left. The last wild Asiatic lion died in the 1960s, in Iran. The number of lions in Africa is estimated to be between 23,000 and 39,000. There were over 100,000 African lions in the 1960s.

Lions play an important role in maintaining a balanced ecosystem. This is why lion conservation work is so important. In order to keep mother nature intact, it is necessary to uphold a natural order of things. Lions being the only predators of large animals like giraffes, elephants, rhinos, buffalos, and other large herbivores, help control their population sizes. If the population of these herbivores would increase substantially, it endangers the forages of smaller animals.
As lions prey on herd animals, which are very protective of their offspring, it is mostly old and sick animals that are victims. This prevents diseases from spreading among the herd. These are just a few reasons to contribute to volunteering with lions.

Habitat Loss

The rapid decline of these regal cats came with Africa’s immense population growth. Lion and human territory have merged due to the expansion of settlements and livestock farming. Former savanna grasslands became farmland occupied by livestock. Livestock territories are fenced, limiting the herbivore food supply. The decrease in herbivores, in turn, depletes the lion’s food possibilities.

Threat to Livestock

Moreover, many farmers still look upon lions as threats to their livelihood. This is why lions who preyed on livestock, more particularly cattle, were killed out of retaliation or threat prevention. Especially poisoning has become common practice because it is effective and can kill several predators at once. Farmers simply poison a carcass which gets eaten by the carnivorous animals.

Trophy Hunting

Another sensitive topic that always stirs up a heated debate is Trophy hunting. While some people argue that trophy hunting, if done correctly, is a legitimate conservation measure, there are several negative effects. Trophy hunting can bring in necessary revenue while maintaining the population status. However, in many cases, regulatory numbers of male lion offtake have been exceeded, which means that trophy hunting is a threat.

High Mortality Rate

In addition to human threats, lion cubs are facing the biggest danger within their own species. The mortality rate of lion cubs is as high as 80%, due to the hierarchical structure among big cats. Even though male lions do not hunt, they are the leaders of the pride and get to eat first. Afterward, the lionesses eat, and the leftovers are for the cubs. Food shortage is a major contributor to infant mortality.

Because male lions are very territorial, they kill all the cubs of defeated rivals to produce their own offspring with the females. The reason why cubs are killed is that females don’t reproduce until the cubs are almost two years of age. If they lose their cubs, they will be willing to reproduce within a couple of weeks.

The problem with producing new offspring which worries conservation biologists is high levels of inbreeding. This can result in reduced genetic variation, low reproductive performance, and increased cub mortality, as well as reduced immune competence.

Climate Change

Climate change wiped out large numbers of lions between 1994 and 2001. Extreme droughts followed by severe rainfalls lead to a mass dying. The two extreme weather conditions resulted in two common diseases for lions. Lions regularly resist outbreaks of CDV (canine distemper virus) infestations and Babesia (tick-borne blood parasite), but it was the simultaneous occurrence of the two diseases which the lions couldn’t withstand.

The only two distinct subspecies are Asiatic lions and African lions. The latter comprises seven of the eight subspecies roaming the African continent. Although you won’t notice any differences between any of the subspecies, African lions have more genetic variation than their Asian cousins.

Asiatic Lions

Asiatic lions or Indian lions, as they are sometimes called, used to be widely spread from today's Turkey to India. Today a single subpopulation with approximately 500 lions is confined to the Gir National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary in the Indian state of Gujarat. They are listed as critically endangered by the IUCN. A reason for this is that a single occurrence of an unforeseen disease or natural catastrophe, like a forest fire, could wipe out the entire species. This is also why opportunities for lion conservation in India are so scarce.

Katanga Lion

Out of all the different types of lions, the Southwest African or Katanga lion is the largest subspecies. Like all lions, the males are significantly bigger and heavier than the females. Males can weigh up to 540 pounds and reach lengths of up to 10 feet, whereas females can only reach 9 feet and a weight of 380 pounds. A prominent feature is their lighter colored mane.

Physical differences between lions are not clear to an untrained eye. The highest genetic variation exists between African and Asian relatives. But there are some behavioral patterns, which distinguish them. African relatives are more social than the Asian lion, for example.

You probably already guessed where this volunteering abroad journey will take you - Africa, the cradle of civilization! More specifically, Sub-Saharan Africa from west to east all the way down to the Republic of South Africa.

Other destinations in eastern Africa where you will be able to encounter the majestic big cats like lions, cheetahs, and leopards are Malawi, Zimbabwe, and Tanzania. Other attractive opportunities in the southern part of the continent are Namibia, Botswana, and of course Africa’s biggest tourist destination, the Republic of South Africa.

The majority of volunteer opportunities are with lions in South Africa. Join a lion research project or become a volunteer caretaker at the lion orphanage. You'll never be bored doing lion sanctuary volunteer work. Some volunteer projects only focus on lions while others focus on big cats in general or even the Big 5. For volunteer work with lions in Africa, South Africa is your best bet!

There are many ways to help one of the world’s largest big cats. Depending on your volunteer project, your daily activities will vary but there will definitely be something for all animal lovers out there.

Whether you’re skilled in hands-on activities, veterinary work, or if you are rather a gifted marketing person. You will be able to apply your strengths and further develop new skills at your lion volunteer project while experiencing magnificent wildlife and breathtaking sceneries.

Most lion volunteering projects also rescue or take care of other African wildlife. In some cases, it’s not guaranteed that you’ll be working lions so it’s important to take this into account when selecting your volunteer abroad project.

Based on your level of experience and knowledge, your daily tasks can include:

• maintenance and first aid to injured animals
• cleaning,
• feeding lions and cubs
• hand-rearing baby cubs
• providing enrichment to the animals living at the rescue centers.

Veterinary students may also assist during surgeries. Different tasks may involve:

• assisting with all aspects of veterinary care including minor trauma
• vaccinations and conducting full health checks on all new arrivals
• rehabilitating rescued animals and settling them into new groups
• helping with a release (depends on the scheduled time of the release and your attendance of the voluntary work)
• helping with construction and the maintenance (there is always something that needs to be fixed - handy volunteers are very useful)
• educating locals on why animal conservation is important (as aforementioned, many locals still view lions as menacing intruders)

Free volunteer programs with lions and wild cats are very rare. The reason is that wildlife conservation centers and sanctuaries are located in remote areas. This means you require accommodation which the project will provide you with.

A Once in a Lifetime Opportunity

Seeing lions roam wild in their natural habitat is a once-in-a-lifetime experience that you will never forget. That alone is reason enough for many people to pack their bags and volunteer with lions in Africa.

Learning

But apart from that, there are plenty of other reasons why this kind of volunteer work could be the right choice for you. If you are interested in studying biology or veterinary medicine, a volunteer program working with lions will be a great fit. You will gain hands-on experience and get the first insight into the daily work of trained wildlife experts and biologists, which will certainly come in handy at a later point in your career.

Boost Future Career Opportunities

Being able to list this kind of work experience on your CV is another bonus, even if you are not planning on pursuing a career in this field. It shows that you are capable of physically hard and hands-on work and that you are motivated to volunteer your free-time to a meaningful cause.

Improve Language / Communication Skills

You will improve your language skills whilst working on site as the main language spoken is English. Immersing yourself in a foreign culture and living abroad will definitely make you grow as a person and give you a different perspective.

Having Fun and Meeting New People

And let’s not forget that the time you spend as a big cat or lion conservation volunteer will also be incredibly fun! You will get to enjoy all the perks of living in nature, seeing wild animals up close, and facing new challenges. The best part is that you will be surrounded by like-minded individuals that share your passion for lions and wildlife conservation. After working and living together for a while, these people might even become your close friends!